Accounting, write a memo about Sony company Essay

Accounting, write a memo about Sony company - Essay Example Interesting content from proxy statement: â€Å"In a case where the outside director is reelected as an outside director of the corporation and reassumes his/her office as an outside director of the corporation, this agreement should continue to be effective after reelection and re-assumption without any action or formality.† This implies that in reelection of outside directors no formality is followed but the contract with the corporation is automatically renewed. In such instances the directorship is suppose to be formally executed like other directors by the use of the signature and company stamp but here it is no done. Positive Aspect: The annual report is viable and reasonable in that they require further tests to be conducted. While the primary objective of the report was to look at the effectiveness of the project in ensuring costs saving and operational efficiency, the project also looked at other information in a cursory manner as well (Simplified Acquisition Procedures for Federal Purchases, 2004). The report also suggests that independent study must be conducted to ensure that the prices of items being offered via the simplified acquisition procedures are at least at par with their market equivalents. Concerning Aspect: The first and the most concerning issue is that of carrying cost. The organization may carry excessive amounts, however the organization will have to bear excessive carrying costs to ensure that the products are kept in usable conditions and that they are not damaged due to prolonged periods of storage. These costs are not insignificant and in case of sensitive equipment, the equipment maintenance costs are a major portion of the organization is operating overheads. Overall: the annual report and proxy statement enables one to understand and the strategy of the company. It also enables one to comprehend the strategic direction as it

Factsheet drybulk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Factsheet drybulk - Essay Example There will be huge demand and supply for the dry bulk as long as the buyer ships the products and commodities from one place to the other. However, due to increase in the price of the commodities, the present market position stands at a lower level. The main reasons are lower market expectations, lower demand for the cargo supply, critical conditions of market life cycle and declining fleet growth. The company needs to control its existing strengths in shipping and attempt to expand its markets to the major areas such as South Asia and North America, to gain a wider area of operation. Dry bulk market may have higher rates in the future. Temporary rise in rates also seems possible during the year. While world trade is likely to increase at a reasonable rate in 2012 as well as 2013, the amount of new capacity will consume high rates towards operating expenses. â€Å"Emerging markets such as India and China are likely to be key to the success of Farstad. As they are the growth markets for any new company, so further addition to the company’s top line would be dependent on its efforts to exploit the trade routes emanating from these countries† (Abhishek, n.d.). â€Å"Capesize, Panamax, Handymax and Handy size† (Segments, 2012). Capesize is used to transport iron ore and coal. Panamax can carry grain, coal and bauxite. Small shipments such as sugar and other commodities are carried by Handymax and Handy size. Capesize is the largest vessel and Handy size is the smallest vessel out of the four vessels in the dry bulk segment. The Outlook for the Dry Bulk †¦ Italian Style, (2012). 8th Mare Forum Italy 2012, Sorrento. Braemar Seascope Research. Retrieved from

The Valuation of Intellectual Property for Various Purposes Term Paper

The Valuation of Intellectual Property for Various Purposes - Term Paper Example Some approaches to valuation have evolved from others for evaluation, potentially confounding finance tools with those for measuring internal performance indicators; for example, where human resources may be regarded as the "knowledge assets" of a company (Andriessen, 2004, p.233). Other methods appear to have emerged primarily for external reporting of financial information. From the critical perspective, an evident reason for this accelerated activity is the growing importance of intangibles in the modern economy. Near the end of the 20th century, 79% of jobs and 76% of the American GNP were from weightless enterprise (Contractor, 2001, pp. XI-XII). There also is a greater call for valuations in modern business practice, including the purchase and sale of brands, international transfer pricing, mergers, and the formation of alliances. The proliferation of many methods and labels, all chasing many metrics, seems to be working against a common understanding of the fundamentals in the valuation of intellectual property. Even the word value has several meanings in English. For instance, Black's Law Dictionary details more than 40, all stemming from Black's view of value as a measure in a transaction: value is defined as the monetary worth or price of something; the amount of goods, services, or money that something will command in an exchange (Black's Law Dictionary, 1999). This equates value to the price achieved in a transaction. Different parties may have a different sense of the value of the item to be transacted; marketing professionals would have us believe value is determined by equation worked out, per situation, in each buyer's mind: "value is the combination of price, quality, convenience, service, ownership experience, and every other factor in the buying decision" (Calloway,2003, p.153). In many cases, this may produce results that differ in the mind of the buyer and the mind of the seller. Indeed, the likelihood for a transaction will increase when the perceived value of the item, to the buyer, exceeds the value suggested by the seller. To this extent, these varying ideas of market price, perception, and different parties may be resolved by thinking of value as the point at which the bid and ask prices converge. NYU Stern School of Business finance professor Aswath Damodaran, a leading authority on valuation, suggests value resides in the future: "The value of a firm is based upon its capacity to generate cash flows and the uncertainty associated with those cash flows...The value of a firm is still the present value of the expected cash flows from its assets" (Damodaran, 2001, p.11). From the critical perspective, this introduces a new set of variables, revolving around not the present circumstances of the market, but its possible future circumstances. It also creat es a distinction between assets that are (a) aggregated in the form of a go-forward business, producing income as a firm, (b) individually for sale, to the extent they may be separated from their present use, or (c) dormant in a business that has ceased operations, where no income is presently being generated. But what if item that is not able or meant to produce income in the future Gordon V. Smith, a leading author in the field of valuation, combines all variations into a single definition:

Service learning assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Service learning - Assignment Example In addition, service learning enables the learners to become active citizens who make a significant contribution to the well-being of the society through the services that they offer. According to Furco and Billig (2002), service learning is applicable in different set ups of learning which include faith-based and community-based organizations, universities, and other types of learning institutions. The participants, in the service-learning program can be members of an entire school, class or only a few selected students. Furco and Billig (2002) gave out a simple example of service learning whereby groups of students undertake projects to collect trash within the neighboring town center, and afterwards they prepare a report documenting on the sources of the trash and the measures that can be implemented to control this problem. Through the division of Community Engagement, the Virginia Commonwealth University has set-up a well-elaborate service-learning program that is dynamic and attracts over three thousand students on an annual basis. Those who are involved in the service-learning projects are students at the university as well as some members of the teaching staff. The customers of the projects undertaken by the student of the university are local communities in the U.S as well as other parts of the world. The Virgina Commonwealth University-service learning program is diversified in different areas such as health, education, environmental conservation, promotion of peace and well-being of the society, and community sensitization programs, among others. Therefore, the local community where the university students will select to conduct their service learning will benefit depending on the project they will undertake, for example, the community could benefit from a cleaner environment, construction of a recreation site, or education on social issues. Crane et al. (2013) stated that besides benefitting from

Literary analysis focusing one of the schools of criticism discussed Essay

Literary analysis focusing one of the schools of criticism discussed in class in relation to a selected film or television production - Essay Example However, the personal fight of Wallace, to be expounded later on, is intertwined with the social conditions presented. At the start of the film, King Edward I, a.k.a. Longshanks, of England has invaded the Scotland (Braveheart). Alongside this condition is the commission of treachery on the part of Longshanks who persecuted several people, including the parents of Wallace (Braveheart). However, Wallace survives and is taken to foreign land where he is educated through the aid of his uncle. However, Wallace will have a love affair with his childhood, who will be the cause of the strife in Scotland that will eventually led to a revolution. This will then divide the land into factions, which will engage in a fight to free Scotland from the grasps of the English conquerors. However, Wallace will die later on and someone will follow his footsteps, rebelling again to gain freedom from the rule of Englishmen. Robert, the Bruce, shall carry this on as the Scottish King. This is then a continuation of legacy. Aside from such continuation, there is a certain pedigree of dissent present from the instigators of the rebellion. It is unavoidable that bloodshed will happen but with a purpose. In this case, the most common thing that can be seen is opposing forces: binaries of some sort. The Englishmen are the ones considered as oppressors since they are the ones who have the power to conquer lands and dominate people. On the other hand, the Scottish people are the ones who appear as the oppressed in the film due to the subjugation made by the Englishmen. The abuses and killings made signify the injustice and abuses perpetuated as it appeared on the film. However, it can be considered that the representations of the film are not accurate and purely referential to history, which is not totally clear about the message it wants (De Man 184). Thus, the film

HRM functions shape employee behaviour Research Paper

HRM functions shape employee behaviour - Research Paper Example EEO and Affirmative Action The federal government has been making efforts for freedom from discrimination on the basis of sex, age, color, religion, nationality and disability through its Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) mission. Affirmative action plans are deemed moral and social obligations to amend wrongs done in the past while also eliminating the present effect of past discrimination. Computer technology is increasingly being used to eliminate or reduce discriminatory practices. The same technology increases discrimination against the disabled. In certain organizations only computer-based employment selection tools are used but the visually impaired are at a disadvantage if applications are accepted only through computer systems. It is hence absolutely essential that applicants with such disabilities are provided with alternate solution and methods to submit applications. Companies claim to have policies in place which encourages them to contact the HR department in case they have been wronged but when the application procedure itself has flaws, the question of contacting the HR department does not arise. The visually impaired may have talent that goes untapped. Coates Field Service, Inc has a provision that the contractor is obliged to read out the notice to the visually disabled. To some extent this sounds as an affirmative action because the hiring agent would be having applications from the disabled. However, in such cases, the responsibility is passed on to the hiring agent and the organization absolves itself of accountability against discrimination. It really is difficult to ascertain the efficacy of such a method as it depends upon the selfish interests of the agent now instead of the organization. If the organization is not supportive, retention of disabled staff becomes a critical issue. Planning, recruitment and selection It has become esse ntial to keep abreast of changes in the labor market so that recruitment efforts are not wasted or misaligned. Planning entails assessing the future needs, aligning training with requirements, avoiding redundancies, developing a flexible workforce, and controlling staff costs. However, organizations engage in both internal and external recruitment. As far as internal recruitment is concerned, it saves costs but it also stifles creativity (Gros & Sonntag, n.d.). The same resources are shifted from one department to another. Moreover, conflicts among the employees can be expected as promotions are denied based on seniority if they are found to be lacking in skills. Now in this case the employee may be lacking in skills possibly because adequate training has not been provided, perhaps due to discrimination. Work-life balance and flexibility are essential to get the best out of the employees. Organizations that offer such benefits are preferred;

Financing New Ventures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financing New Ventures - Assignment Example This has paved way for diversification in investment According to (Harrington, 1987) it allows the investor to avoid unsystematic risks such as poor management of the company which will automatically lead to returns not being realized. From this model a linear relationship has been developed to show the relationship between systematic risk and the expected return. As compared to weighted average cost of capital (WACC) this model gives a robust discount rate that can be used for assessing the investment. Using WACC a project can be turned down when its internal rate of return is less that of WACC. This is because WACC is based on the assumption that any investment doesn’t have an effect to financial and business risk. Using CAPM, gives internal rate of return that is higher than the security market line and a return that can minimize or eliminate system risk. CAPM is considered as the best tool to calculate the cost of equity as compared Dividend Growth Model (DGM). This is because it takes into account the systematic risk level of the business relative to stock market. Portfolio effect refers to the addition of other investment into the portfolio with aim of reducing risk. This can be termed as diversification of portfolio such that change in the value of one investment e.g. bond in the portfolio there will be a response to change in the value of other assets in the portfolio. Portfolio effect has the ability to minimize a specific risk attached to an asset in a given portfolio, but this depends or lies on the degree of correlation of assets held in the portfolio (Hirt & Block, 1990). Diversifying portfolio can be achieved in either horizontal or vertical diversification both will help to reduce the risk associated to a given asset, vertical diversification occurs when an investor decides to add different form of assets or securities in his portfolio e.g. cash, corporate bonds, and building. This is advisable since whenever a