Benefits of using Cost Volume Profit analysis

Benefits of using follow Volume boodle analysisCost Volume Profit AnalysisTable of contentIntroductionCVP analysis and decision devisingRelationship between revenues, appeals, gets and volumeFixed vs. variable costs crumble even analysis boundary line of safe1.Non- Linear CVP analysis2.Linear CVP analysisOperating LeverageIncome Tax upbeatsFuture forecastingPrepaproportionn of BudgetsCost ControlPrice DeterminusinationProfit PlanningRisk AssessmentDecision MakingConclusionReferencesDescribe the benefits of using cost volume profit analysis for management decision fashioning IntroductionEvery organization needs to calculate future revenues in order to helper the managers carry out their trading operations effectively. Cost volume is the start used for this purpose. Cost Volume Profit analysis or CVP analysis helps in identifying the operating activity trains with a purpose to avoid any variant of losses and achieve gelt. Moreover, it also helps the companies to plan the ir future operations and see whether their organizational performance is going on the right track or non (Lewis). While conducting a course, the companies also hasten to face various risks and in order to counter those risks, CVP analysis is an effective apparatus.The following project tends to analyze the cardinal concepts regarding cost volume profit analysis along with an illustration of how these concepts crowd out be useful in carrying out organizational operations.CVP analysis and decision makingCost Volume Profit analysis helps organizations to examine their profits, costs and prices with respect to any changed that occur in gross sales volume. CVP is an effective tool that helps accountants to engage in decision making regarding future operations (Breakeven analysis (CVP analysis)). Moreover, it also helps in making the following decisions for the ac associationIt helps to analyze which products and services are beneficial and how jackpot partnership use these prod ucts and services to generate the maximum marrow of revenue.It also explains what sales volume will be needed by the order in order to achieve a fixed level of profitsMoreover, it tells how much revenue should the company target so as to make sure that no losses occurIt also highlights what would be expected budget of the companyIt also helps to calculate companys fixed costs and measure the amount of risk associated with any investmentRelationship between revenues, costs, profits and volumeCVP analysis helps to find out the relationship between the above mentioned elements in a graphical format. For sample if a company has contri exception shore of 300, 400 and 500 units respectively on its income statements, then the CVP graph butt joint be be as followsThe contribution allowance ratio used for this purpose house be cipher as followsCM ratio = tally CM Total SalesThis ratio keep be used to calculate unit contribution margin and the gist contribution margin (MAAW, 2011) . The unit contribution margin helps us to calculate the difference between total revenues and unit costs of the company whereas the total contribution margin is related to the difference between total revenues and the total costs of a company. In other words, the total can be calculated by multiplying the unit cost with the total number of units. So, this shows can CVP is an effective tool for calculating the contribution margin.Fixed vs. variable costsA nonher benefit that organizations get by using the cost volume profit analysis is the decision making about various types of costs. This is important because while carrying out a business, the company is not concerned with the total amount preferably it is concerned with the actual cost behavior. This is so because cost behavior helps us to classify the costs into various categories such(prenominal) as fixed, variable, administrative and so on. For exampleLets take a company with fixed costs F, variable costs V and the total numb er of units equal to X, its contribution margin will be equal to (P-V)X and profit can be calculated as followsProfit = (P-V) X FBreak even analysisCost volume profit analysis can also help the organizations in calculating the breakeven apex which is the point at which the profits become equal to zero. This can be done by finding the break even volume and then using it to make graphical representations. The break even volume can either be expressed in dollars or in units depending upon the nature and type of the organization (Cafferky, 2010). For instance if the organization makes a large amounts of products, then the company moldiness prefer to calculate the breakeven volume in the form of sales dollars while in case of one product company, the unit method world power be a more effective calculation of sales volume.Presented below are the calculation method and the graphical representation in both casesBreak even volume in unit method = Fixed costs Unit contribution margin Brea k even volume in sales dollar method = Fixed costs Contribution margin ratioThis chart illustrated that at the breakeven point, the profits of the company become zero and below this point, the company begins to incur losses. So, it is a beneficial tool for the organizations which help them to analyze what should be the target ad how this target can be achieved by managing the fixed as well as variable costs and also by preparing a plan for the future operations.Margin of safetyA new element introduced in this chart is the margin of safety which refers to the amount by which the sales revenues of a company might decrease because it begins to incur any losses. It is also called as the shock of loss which provides a deeper insight into the companys profits, losses and revenues. It can be calculated as followsMargin of Safety = Sales Breakeven salesMarin of safety ratio = Margin of safetySalesLarger ratios are preferred because they indicate that there is a lower risk that the company would reach breakeven point of even below it.This is the simplest method of calculating the breakeven point. However, it is not the only one. There are deuce types of methods used by different companies in order to benefit from the CVP approach (Yunkera Yunker, 2003).1. Non- Linear CVP analysisThis approach is used mostly for the purpose of economics in order to calculate various elements such as productiveness and returns in the long run. However, this has not proved to be a really good approach because it has unreliable input parameters. Since it is designed specifically for the long term transactions, therefore it is not really credible and reliable approach for making short term business calculations. Moreover, it has been found to be more complex as compared to the simple breakeven calculation.2. Linear CVP analysisThis is more realistic, practical and reliable approach to find the relationship between costs and revenues. It is the breakeven method that presents the things in a or else simple and easy to understand way. However, in order to make this approach a more effective one, the following 5 things need to be followed tutelage the sale price constantKeeping the variable cost per unit also constantThe total fixed costs must also ride out the sameIn case of more than one product lines, the company should try to keep the sales volume constantThe number of units sold must be equal to the number of units produced.Operating LeverageAnother benefit that companies gain by using the CVP approach is the operating leverage benefit which explains how the cost structure of an organization is made up of fixed cost processes. This is a huge benefit because the cost structure is directly related to the level of development and profit a company has (Phillips, 1994).Operating leverage can vary greatly from one company to another. In the firms that have a high ratio of fixed costs as compared to the variable costs, the operating leverage is good because it produces a high contribution margin. Similarly, higher fixed sales also mean that the company has a higher breakeven point. A higher breakeven point is directly related to the financial success of the company because at this point, the company can use up high profits at a much higher rate (Raichura, 2007).Income Tax benefitsSimilarly, the simple CVP model can be extended to other issues such as the calculation of incorporate taxes of multiple products within a company. This is done by modifying the profit equation of the chart to include taxes as well. This analysis can also be extended to those firms that offer more than one product or service rather than a simple product. This can be calculated as followsAfter tax profit = (P-V) X F x (1 t)Future forecastingBy using the above mentioned models, approaches and graphs, managers can analyze the direction in which their company is moving and this analysis might help them to better understand the different operations and activities within the organizations. By getting beforehand knowledge of profits and costs, the company can manage them in a more efficient way to adjoin productivity.Preparation of BudgetsSince the cost profit volume analysis helps in determining the level of sales and thus helps organizations to achieve their desire targets. This approach would help the managers to prepare their budgets which consist of the costs as well as the revenues at any level of production within the organization.Cost ControlThe biggest benefit of CVP analysis is to evaluate the cost volume changes within an organization and the impact of these changes on revenue generation. For instance there is a dental hospital that wants to purchase a new dental machine so that the patients level of satisfaction can be increased by reducing the time required for dental treatment. The purchase of this new machine will tend to increase fixed costs of an organization.So, at such complex situations, the cost volume analysis can be the most effective tool to help in simplifying the companys decision. If this dental hospital uses CVP analysis, it can manage to decrease its variable costs by maintain the profit at the same desired level.Price DeterminationIt is another benefit of using this approach. For example taking the above example again, if any competitor within the dental industry has caste the price at AED 50,000 for a single dental operation and the business cannot provide this operation at any cost lower than AED 20,000, then the company can use cost profit volume analysis to compare the competitors price with the fixed and variable costs of its own operations and thus it can manage to come up with a price that is in the best interest of the company.Profit PlanningThe aim of any business is to create value for the customers and to get profits for the company. However, managing all operations and costs in such a way that can maximize profits is not an easy task. Therefore, organizations have to consider a crew of things in order to engage in proper profit planning techniques. The CVP analysis can help the companies to create the best and most profitable combination of cost, price and sales volume. Thus, it can help managers to calculate and estimate their profit at different levels and for different range of products.Risk AssessmentThe business world is changing and due to several internal s well as external threats associated with any industry, businesses have to face too many risks. Although the calculation of risk and return through measuring a constant (beta) is a method in finance but managerial accounting is also concerned with this. Managing risk is too significant for any business because it tends to define all the procedures and practices involved within an organization.Therefore, CVP is a tool which helps to calculate risk particularly in terms of costs and volumes. After analyzing this risk, the companies can come up with efficient solutions to reduce this risk.Decision Making all in all the above mentioned benefits re directly or indirectly related to the decision making processes of a company. Any business organization has to make a lot of decisions regarding their price, their costs, and products, fixed and variable unit costs and so on. The CVP approach simplifies this process by providing the companies with a breakeven point and by helping them to engage in better decision making and planning for the future.ConclusionSo, the project has presented a detailed analysis of how is CVP calculated and how can it be used to benefit an organization. Out of the two types of CVP approaches, linear approach is the simple one and it provides companies with easy ways to make estimates regarding costs, prices and sales volumes. The calculation of breakeven pint helps in decision making for a company by providing it a better future forecasting, risk assessment,, price estimation and so on. In other word, the cost volume profit approach has a direct impact on improv ing the organizational performance and productivity.ReferencesBreakeven analysis (CVP analysis). (n.d.). Retrieved 4 9, 2014, from http//www.acornlive.com/demos/pdf/P2_PM_Chapter_5.pdfCafferky, M. (2010). Breakeven Analysis The Definitive Guide to Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis. Business Expert Press.Lewis, J. (n.d.). Advantages Disadvantages of Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis. Retrieved 4 9, 2014, from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-costvolumeprofit-analysis-35135.htmlMAAW. (2011). The dissension over contribution margin approach.Phillips, P. A. (1994). Welsh Hotel Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Uncertainty. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31-36.Raichura, K. (2007). C-V-P Analysis Operating Leverage. Retrieved 4 9, 2014, from http//www.managementparadise.com/forums/financial-management/20603-c-v-p-analysis-operating-leverage.htmlYunkera, J. A., Yunker, P. J. (2003). Stochastic CVP analysis as a gateway to decision-making under unc ertainty. Journal of accounting Education, 339-365.

Five Governance Factors Example

Five Governance Factors ExampleIntroductionIn this assessment I discuss the different types of organisations and the five governance factors scheme, compliance, accountability, refinement and expertise. S successful and unsuccessful organisations atomic number 18 also compared. I also write down conclusions I have come to through doing this assessment.Hamilton city CouncilStrategy Hamilton metropolis council plans lots of toils and they discharge a strategy to achieve the goal. City council main strategy is to return basic facilities and infra-structure to the population (do you have a reference to computer backup this statement). We saw viewed amistake in city council systems for example when one death happened in Hamilton zoo. on that point were mistakes in wellness and safety. conformance New Zealand government solves laws. If the city council does non work properly than center govt. Take over the charge. So city council follows the different type of rule and act. Read the above carefully and rephrase to make sense. office Hamilton city council control the whole city suffices like cleaning the road, picking up rubbish, streetlights, health, some surroundal education and so on. The City council has different departments and the head of this department is accountable for these duties. socialisation New Zealand is multicultural country so this has a great impact on Hamilton city council. thither are an ample number of employees work together belongs to different countries and culture. Men and women both are equal, so there is friendly work culture(source). When there is non much cultural diversity and it is tough to handle the all different cultures. Hamilton city council celebrates different festival that is related to different culture. So, in this way council provide good working environment.Expertise city council has engineers and project managing directors to plan and implement all projects. Different department have experts related to their work. For example civil engineers, it engineers, project managers etc(This seems to repeat the sentence before).BidvestStrategy BIDVest main strategy is to provide good products to our customers. Bidvest focus on the quality of products and make a strong relationship with their customers. There are some weaknesses in product storage strategy beca usage products grow once in a year so some time confederacy faces the products shortage. It is difficult and crucial to fulfill the customer needs.Compliance all of the BIDVest distribution centers are multi temperature facilities with HACCP (what does this abbreviation mean)recognised food safety programs. The three hundred plus trucks that make up the delivery convoy are allocated to ambient, chilled and frozen products ensuring reliability throughout the supply chain. Sometimes drivers can non follow the rules and regulations of company as well as they not handle products properly or compromise with food and safety rule.Accountability B IDVest is responsible to provide our products to customers at the right time as well as make current food quality is good and fresh. The branch manager is responsible for all formalities like follow the food and safety act.Culture BIDVest provide good working environment for our workers as well as facilities. No partiality, no difference between men and woman. But over work load is big problem in BIDVest because of this workers feel pressure in our minds. There is an ample number of reasons for pressure like shortage of worker, busy work environment etc.. .Expertise BIDVest is expert to handle the food in extreme situations. They know how to handle the different types of fruits and vegetables. BIDVest store products according to suitable temperature. BIDVest have food experts that doing these things. put to death group benevolent trustStrategy action provides aesculapian facilities to the poor and functionless people free of cost. This trust follow the capture of lala munni r am mange ram, he is founder of action groups of company. They provide cancer treatment free of cost. But there are some restrictions to get the free treatment. I personally exponent that it is very hard for common person to fulfill this formalities and I see this as a weakness of action group trust strategy.Compliance sri bala ji action medical institute work under Indian law and medical act. Action always concentrates on the health and safety and provides treatment under the guidance of world-class doctors. It is very hard to find out the mistake in compliance but as we know that every fingerb orderth does not have same size so, whole staff and doctors not follow the rule some doctors make money to start our private clinic.Accountability sri balaji action charitable infirmary is accountable to provide good medical services to the people. Director of trust control the whole trust and make sure every single department of hospital doing work correctly according to Indian law and tr ust guidelines. They also take report from every medical and department head.Culture in action hospital there are daily thousands of poor people come for treatment. Action trust follows the friendly and gives help to poor people culture as well as staff and doctors are friendly together also honest, punctual and stronger job commitment. Action hospital situated in New Delhi but staff is south Indian so it create problem of communication between the patients.Expertise sri balaji action charitable hospital have expert doctors related to different type of medical field like heart, skin, cancer, ENT, MD, liver and any type of surgery etc (Do not use abbreviations unless you have explained them once in full before) Doctors give treatment to the patient after analysis (diagnosis) of the problem.Indian governmentStrategy Indian government aim to provide necessary facilities to our people like good education, health services, good road infrastructure, strong defense, transport, more jobs c hance, good financial structure. As every capital has two sides there are also some officials that not provide good service and facility to the people. Moreover, they are corrupt. Every day we are read smarts related to corruption and scams. Like coal scam etc.Compliance Indian government system works with the help of parliament and aboriginal cabinet. Cabinet works under the leadership of prime minister and make the development and welfare program. But it is long term process to pass the new bill in both houses because opposition always try to find out way to fail the new bill proposed by government. Because of this many projects are not implemented and the populace faces lots of problems.Accountability Indian government is responsible for good health services, good infrastructure, and education. Indian govt. Take good footfall recently to stop the corruption. But unemployment is burning issue and state is accountable to solve this problem.Culture India is a multicultural count ry. Indian government provides equal opportunity to everyone. All ministries work for humanity. But according to my point of view north due east India is cut off from another India so, it is crucial to develop north east side and spread awareness about different culture. So, as a result of this people know about all different cultures of India.Expertise In Indian government every department have IAS and IPS officer that are expert in there related department. They know each and every thing and run government system easily and in right direction. battler HondaStrategy hero and Honda make a partnership in past time. both(prenominal) make a strategy to establish a two wheeler plant in India. Main strategy of hero Honda is to provide a gas mileage bike to their costumer in a good price and it is successful. But after got success there are some weakness in strategy to make partnership relation more strong due to this both company were broke their partnership and establish there on bus iness.Compliance Hero Honda Company follows the industrial and motor vehicle act. Of India. They make bike according to Indian road condition. In production plant hero Honda follow the health and safety rule. Also company set up their own rule. According to me in service center of hero Honda lower level staff not follow the rule properly.Accountability hero Honda is responsible for quality and performance of their vehicle. Hero Honda is also accountable to provide services to their costumer. In every service center of hero Honda provide good services and facilities. Branch manager is responsible for this type of things.Culture hero Honda is to different companies belongs to different counties and culture. Company follows the multi culture rule and make sure all staff will be comfortable in the work place. Like managers and another staff are belongs to India and japan and both give respect to another culture, feelings and emotions.Expertise hero Honda has expert automotive engineers. That is capable and expert to design the vehicle. Sale manager, customer relationship manager etc. Company has an expert related to needs of company.SUCCESSEFUL political party(VODAFONE)UNSUCCESSFUL COMPANY(VIRGIN)STRATEGY VODAFONE IS INTERNATIONAL TELECOM COMPANY.VODAFONE MAKE OUR STRATEGY AND FUTURE scheme ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL SITUATION AND NEEDS OF costume designer.STRATEGY VIRGIN IS not AS FAMOUS AS TELECOM COMPANY.THEY MAKE STRATEGY TO PROVIDE CHEAPER treat RATES TO PEOPLE AND ATTRACT THEM. BUT IN THIS WAY THEY FACE LOSS.COMPLIANCE THEY FOLLOW THE loom AND TELECOMMUNICATION ACT. ALSO THEY MAKE THEIR OWN RULE TO RUN COMPANY IN SUCCESSFUL WAY.COMPLIANCE COMPANY FOLLOWS THE TELECOMMUNICATION RULE AND ACT, BUT NOT SET UP THEIR OWNS RULE TO RUN COMPANY IN A GOOD WAY.ACCOUNTABILITY VODAFONE IS ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR SERVICES.THEY SET UP ACCONTABILITY ACCORDING TO DUTY.LIKE CUSTOMER SERVICE, CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP, COMPANY PLANS AND SERVICES.ACCOUNTABILITY IN THIS COMPANY in that location ar SOME PROBLEM TO SET UP RESPONSIBILTY.LIKE HOW TO RUN THE COMPANY ,LACK OF COSTOMER RELATIONSHIP AND POOR NETWORK.CULTURE VODAFONE FOLLOW THE MULTI CULTURE BECAUSE IT IS INTERNATIONAL COMPANY. THERE ARE AMPLE NUMBER OF WORKER THAT BELONGS TO DIFFERENT CULTURE AND PROVIDE GOOD ENVIRONMENT.CULTURE THERE ARE NOT GOOD WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND EMPLOYEE NOT FEEL WELL OR COMFERTABLE.BAD INFRASTUCTURE, WORKLOAD AND STAFF SHORTAGE.EXPERTIES VODAFONE HAVE A GOOD EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF TELECOMMUNICATION.THEY ARE EXPERT HOW TO ATTRACT THE COSTUMER WITH PROFIT.EXPERTIES VIRGIN IS NEW ESTABLISHING COMPANY AND LACK OF EXPERTS OF TELECOMMUNICATION.ReferencesHamilton city council http//www.Hamilton.Govt.Nz/pages/default.AspxAction hospital http//www.Actiongroup.Co.In/medical_insitute/overview.HtmlBidvest http//www.Bidfood.Co.Nz/foodservice/Hero Honda https//en.Wikipedia.Org/wiki/hero_motocorpro HondaVodafone https//en.Wikipedia.Org/wiki/vodafone_india

Justice in Platos Republic and Hobbes Leviathan Essay -- Politics Phi

One of the main concepts in both Platos Republic and Hobbes Leviathan is nicety. For Plato, the goal of his Republic is to discover what justice is and to demonstrate that it is better than injustice. Plato does this by explaining justice in two different ways through a city or polis and through an individual gentle beings soul. He uses justice in a city to reveal justice in an individual. For Hobbes, the term justice is used to explain the relationship between pietism and self-interest. Hobbes explains justice in relation to obligations and self-preservation. This essay will analyze justice specifically in relation to the statement ? The suck hath said in his heart, in that location is no such thing as justice? Looking at Hobbes? reply to the fool will demonstrate that his main goal was to declare what tribe ought to do when interacting with others and what can be expected in return for that behaviour. By analyzing the Republic, it will be shown that Plato would most like ly differ with the statement made by the fool because the main of premise the book in itself is to discover the definition of justice. To understand Hobbes? reply to the fool, one must first define justice jibe to Hobbes. He believes that justice is men performing their concordats made and the constant will of giving every man his own. A covenant is a part of a contract, or ?mutual transferring of right, in which at least one of the parties ?is to perform in time to come?. Hobbes maintains that it is never against reason to complete a covenant when man has the security that others will also perform covenants made with him. However, the problem that arises from forming covenants is that just because people enter into a covenant to perform some actio... ...ing so he also showed that there is such a thing a justice within a city as well as in an individual. Thus, Plato?s reply to the fool would be that indeed there is such a thing as justice. And justice is good because it bene fits in this life as well as the next. Therefore, even though a man may wish to behave un justifiedly when he can, as with the myth of the ring of Gyges, behaving justly will have the most rewards. Both Plato and Hobbes present different views of justice in reply to the fool. Plato, claiming one should be just because it is good in itself, where as Hobbes claims being just is good for the pursuit of self-interest or preservation. Despite the difference of opinion on justice between the two philosophers, it is clear that the fool?s statement has been refuted. For there is such a thing as justice despite the differences in how the term is defined.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: essays research papers

In the opening chapters of To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee introduces some(prenominal) subtle instances of racism. However, when Jem and Scout are welcomed into Cals Church in chapter 12, the reader re whollyy gets to travel behind the false disguise of Maycomb Countys white hunting lodge to see the harsh realities of the injustices suffered by the blacks. The black community is completely separate from the whites -- in fact, Cal lives in a totally different part of town other example of total racial segregation is the fact that Jem and Scout have never been to that part of town, so they are unfamiliar with the Churchs right smart of singing hymns (lining), and they dont understand nigger talk. Even Lula, one of the black church members, says, they got their church, we got ourn.Poverty is another injustice suffered by the blacks. Their get-go Purchase Church is very old and worn out. The paint is cracked and peeling, it has no ceiling, theres a rough oak pulpit, and cheap co mposition board fans must be used to keep the congregation cool. There is no piano, organ or church program in sight, and the whole church has to component part one hymnbook The graveyard contains only a few expensive headstones, with most graves merely outlined by broken glass. A get along degradation occurs during the rest of the week, when the church building is used by whites for gambling. A majority of the black community is illiterate because there are no schools for blacks in Maycomb County. Their only way of learning is from their parents or another elder. For example, Mrs. Buford taught Cal, and Cal taught her son, Zeebo. Consequently, only four blacks in the whole church can read.In Tom Robinson case, he has most no chance of winning strictly due to his race. During his trial, Bob Ewell accuses Tom of raping his girl. Even though the Ewells are considered to be the white trash of Maycomb County, nearly all of white community supports them because they are white and Tom is black. Despite all of these injustices, Chapter 12 also creates a feeling of support and sympathy for the black community. For example, veritable(a) though theyre oppressed, the black community still has a sense of pride. Their church is called First Purchase because it was paid for with the first earnings of freed slaves. This shows the blacks great devotion to their religion.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Feminism Essay -- Literacy Analysis

The adversity women endured in a patriarchal society during the nineteenth century gave behave to egg-producing(prenominal) feminism. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was one of the leading feminist during that time. Gilman strived for the oppressed women during the Victorian Age, she dedicated her life to social reform believing ever women should have equality. She unresolved the brink for every day women to become involved and to be the masters of their own destiny. The subjugation Gilman faced in the nineteenth century as good as her own experience with postpartum depression greatly influenced her short story The Yellow Wallpaper.Gilman lived in a time of the Statesn history where women were subdue against and using her own life experience, she wrote The Yellow Wallpaper. Gilman was born on July 3, 1860, during the American Civil War. After the war, America changed drastically and Gilman was at the forefront of that change. The Industrial conversion curtly took place after the wa r. The men who no longer fought on the battlefield began to integrate into the buy the farmforce. According to Carol Hymowitz who wrote A History of Women in America The patronage of business took middle-class men away from their homes, leaving women alone in them. Women of the middle class were isolated from the world of men a commerce. Women move to do traditional work such as cooking, cleaning, making cloths and caring for children. Because the men earned money and the women did not, womens work was not considered real work (History).This was the showtime of the inequality among sexes. Gilman watched and observed the world around her as men portrayed women as nothing more than simple house-wives. Gilman was outraged by laws which make wives airplane propeller of their husbands,... ... Works CitedNorton, Mary Beth. Major Problems in American Womens History. Lexington, Massachusetts D.C. Health, 1989. p202.PrintHymowitz, Carol, and Michaele Weissman. A History of Women in America. New York Bantam Books, 1978. p64. PrintJohnson, Greg. The Yellow Wallpaper. pitiful Stories for Students. Vol.1. p289. PrintBeck, Cheryl, and Jeanne Driscoll. postnatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Saubury, Massachusetts Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006. p83. Printhttp//lion.chadwyck.com/search aboundingtext.do?id=BIO003857&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1336535002_12933&trailId=1369532E38F&area=ref&forward=critref_ft. Chadwych, Healy. Literature Online. Criticism & Reference Full Text.2001.May 2, 2012. http//www.mayoclinic.com/ health/postpartum-depression/DS00546. Mayo Claim Staff. Postpartum Depression. June 3, 2010. May 2, 2012 Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Feminism Essay -- Literacy Analysis The adversity women endured in a patriarchal society during the nineteenth century gave birth to female feminism. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was one of the leading feminist during that time. Gilman strived for the oppressed women during the Victorian Age, she dedi cated her life to social reform believing ever women should have equality. She opened the door for every day women to become involved and to be the masters of their own destiny. The subjugation Gilman faced in the nineteenth century as well as her own experience with postpartum depression greatly influenced her short story The Yellow Wallpaper.Gilman lived in a time of American history where women were subjugated against and using her own life experience, she wrote The Yellow Wallpaper. Gilman was born on July 3, 1860, during the American Civil War. After the war, America changed drastically and Gilman was at the forefront of that change. The Industrial Revolution soon took place after the war. The men who no longer fought on the battlefield began to integrate into the workforce. According to Carol Hymowitz who wrote A History of Women in America The business of business took middle-class men away from their homes, leaving women alone in them. Women of the middle class were isolate d from the world of men a commerce. Women continued to do traditional work such as cooking, cleaning, making cloths and caring for children. Because the men earned money and the women did not, womens work was not considered real work (History).This was the beginning of the inequality among sexes. Gilman watched and observed the world around her as men portrayed women as nothing more than simple house-wives. Gilman was outraged by laws which made wives property of their husbands,... ... Works CitedNorton, Mary Beth. Major Problems in American Womens History. Lexington, Massachusetts D.C. Health, 1989. p202.PrintHymowitz, Carol, and Michaele Weissman. A History of Women in America. New York Bantam Books, 1978. p64. PrintJohnson, Greg. The Yellow Wallpaper. Short Stories for Students. Vol.1. p289. PrintBeck, Cheryl, and Jeanne Driscoll. Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Saubury, Massachusetts Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006. p83. Printhttp//lion.chadwyck.com/searchFulltext .do?id=BIO003857&divLevel=0&queryId=../session/1336535002_12933&trailId=1369532E38F&area=ref&forward=critref_ft. Chadwych, Healy. Literature Online. Criticism & Reference Full Text.2001.May 2, 2012. http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/postpartum-depression/DS00546. Mayo Claim Staff. Postpartum Depression. June 3, 2010. May 2, 2012

The Death Penalty and Race Essay -- Capital Punishment Essays

The Death Penalty and RaceTo look closely at many of the mechanisms in the Statesn society is to observe the contradiction between constitutional equality and equality in practice. Several of these contradictions exist in the realm of racial equality. For example, scurrilous s often get dealt an unfair hand in the criminal justice system. In The Real War on Crime, Steven Donziger explains, There are so many to a greater extent than African-Americans than whites in our prisons that the difference cannot be explained by higher crime among African- Americans - racial discrimination is also at work, and it penalizes African- Americans at almost any juncture in the criminal justice system.1 This paper focuses in on one of those junctures - the death penalty. The racial disparities that Donziger finds in the prisons can also be base in death row. To be exact, African-Americans are 12% of the US population, but they make up 40% of the death row population.2 I, like Donziger, believe something more is at work and in the tradition of Ture and Hamilton, I believe that this something works in covert ways. It would almost be better if we could place the blame on blatant racial discrimination. But the death penalty does not serve the explicit purpose of oppressing Blacks. Racism persists, but it has taken on more implicit, more subtle, and arguably more harmful forms. The death penalty is a timely lens through which to observe the covert racism that operates in institutional settings. This takings can be overwhelming, and this paper is in no way comprehensive. Rather, it is an opportunity to string together some soci ological and legal concepts with personal analysis in the entrust to demonstrate that the death penalty and the institutions surrounding... ...ziger, 100.13 Chambliss, 250.14 Chambliss, 248.15 Donziger, 127.16 Donziger, 109.17 Donziger, 110.18 Campaign to End the Death Penalty (pamphlet).19 Leon Higgenbotham, shades of Freedom (Oxford University Press , 1996) xxv-xxvi.20 Donziger, 109.21 David C. Baldus, et al, Comparative Review of Death Sentences An Empirical Study of the Georgia Experience, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 74 (1983) 663-664.22 Baldus, 664.23 Donziger, 109.24 U.S. General Accounting Office, Death Penalty Sentencing Research Indicates Patterns of Racial Disparities, The Death Penalty in America, 271.25 Hugo Adams Bedau, The Death Penalty in America Current Controversies (New York Oxford University Press, 1997) 250.26 Donziger, 113.27 Ellsworth, 90.28 Ellsworth, 92.29 Chambliss, 243.30 Ellsworth, 92.

Legalazation Of Cannabis :: essays research papers

These are approximately of the reasons that suppression is a failure. When we realize that prohibition is a failure we can move on to more and founder uses of marijuana. Abraham Lincoln once said this famous quote Prohibition will work great injury to the cause otemperance. ...for it goes beyond the bounds of reasons In that it attempts to control a mans appetite by legislation and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes. A prohibition law strikes a snuff out at the very principles that our government was foded. If you would recall the government trying to prohibit alcohol in the earlier part of this century. Crime soared, criminal organizations became rich. heap died or were crippled by unregulated products. Millions of untold tax payers dollars were spent the so called Drug Wars. The results had no effect on the wars and just dissipated tax payers money.Foreign drug cartels earning as much as the Gross National Product of some countries, only to send their illegal unregulated products to America. They tried to prohibit their drugs as well, but had the same results.Children killing children with auto-automatic weapons. HIV spreading like a plague. The absurd waste of tax payers dollars on a prohibition that doesnt even work. Our prisons filling up over the edge. Why? For a prohibition of cannabis.Cannabis is one of the single most versatile important agricultural products future(a) to the soybean. Growing cannabis helps the environment as well. Lady bugs, which we all know helps everything, provide a source of extermination for the bugs that plaguehe cannabis crop. If you are running low on cash and are growing it you can sell it for a pretty penny. Of course you cant until it gets legalized.Medical properties of cannabis are well documented. Just think how many people would benefit if cannabis was readily available for use. Why criminalize, or restrict access to beat relief from suffering. Cannabis can ease the pain and sometimes take it ay . Why criminals for use as medicine?Now you will hear some peoples thoughts of why cannabis should not be legalized. Many of the people that want it to stay illegal are mothers of people under the age of 18. In situation 66 percent of those mothers want it to stay illegal. Most say cannabis smoked for fun or because of addiction. People kill for it and people kill each(prenominal) other for money for it.