The effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation on body fat mass in healthy, overweight and obese Saudi women

interrogation backgroundAs observed in European and North American communities, directs of fleshiness in the Saudi-Arabian-Arabian Arabian population are on the increase. The epidemic of obesity has been depict as the fastest-growing public health challenge in a calculate of countries. The cost implications alone from the treatment of people with obesity have be sick a strain on the medical services. One such typeface is published in an American view in 2008, which fileed that that$147 billion take to be spent every year in America for the perplexity of obesity and obesity related disease. This figure was double of what it was a disco biscuit ago.Obesity is a term used to indicate excessive affirmation of fill out in the em personify. As mentioned before, it is the most common nutritional discommode in developed countries, and is as well significantly rising in the developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. This can be demonstrate from the data inform by the Saudi National Nutrition succeed published on WHO (Health Journal, 2007). Recent studies have found the insufficient level of vitamin D in fat people(Turner, et.al. 2013 Wortsman, et.al. 2000).Although the specific mechanism that results in this shortfall is not yet fully understood, but Turner, et.al. (2013) suggested that the deposition of vitamin D3 in body fat compartments results decreased bioavailability of vitaminD3 from cutaneous and dietary sources. In addition, it has been proposed that intestinal dousing of vitamin D is reduced in patients with obesity (Wortsman, et.al. 2000). Lack of absorption of vitamin D weakens the calcium metabolism in patients with obesity this in turn, affects the function of the thyroid glands. Altered thyroid gland can no longer behave its physiological roles, one of which is to activate vitamin D in the body.Moreover, studies have reported low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in fat adults and are colligate to increased body fat ma ss, suggesting the stand between low travel concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and obesity. (Rock, et.al. 2012 Boqacka, et.al. 2011). Furthermore, it has in addition been reported that after absorption in the intestine, the memory board of vitamin D occurs in adipose and muscle waver, which then slowly releases into the wrinkle stream. Defect in this storage system or pathway may result the wishing of vitamin D and may have an impact in determining the level of bodys fat and adipose tissue (Salehpour, 2012). Hence, it is believed that the lack of vitamin D may induce obesity.Research aimsHaving reviewed the available lit in the subject, this research project is therefore aimed toInvestigate the effect of vitamin D3 addendum in healthy, lumbering and obese women of Saudi Arabia Investigate the effect of vitamin D3 addendum on body composition in over incubus and obese women of Saudi ArabiaThese aims were targeted with the views to providing evidence regarding the ass ociation between vitamin D supplements and obesity. Saudi population were disposed(p) the preference as the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, as well as of diabetes in Saudi Arabian population is very high (Ardawi, et.al.2012).Research methodsFemale population between the ages of 18 and 50 impart be studied. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2 groups result be randomly abanthroughd a vitamin D3 supplement or a placebo (control group) for 12 weeks. Comparison of the levels of vitamin D3 in three different groups of people, healthy, heavy and obese will be done with an aim to measure its implication in these people.After this, synopsis will be done measuring different factors that are associated with obesity.Inclusion and exclusion criteria Old, healthy, overweight and obese Saudi women participants with BMI ?25 kg/ and ages between 18-50 years will be included for the pack. Healthy participants will be free from metabolous bone disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiova scular disease, renal disease and will not be on anymedication, or vitamin supplements. , pregnant or lactating women will be excluded from the study. In addition, individuals with changes in body weight more than 3 kg within last three months prior to the experiment will also be excluded from the study. Finally, the participants who follow the weight- sledding programs or are taking weight dismissal drugs and smoking will be excluded from the study.Research intentions To address the aims, this study is establish upon the following research intentions. These will betested in the laboratory.Assessment of body fat mass and fat free mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and end of study Assessment of energy and nutritious intakes by 24h food recall and validated food frequency questionnaires, which will then be analyzed for nutrient intake Analysis of line of business serum 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone at baseline and end of study Measurement of vitamin D level in the participants blood to determine the version in its level and its affect. Measurement of vitamin D levels of obese and healthy weight participants to establish the difference in the level of vitamin D in these cardinal groups of people. Measurement of vitamin D post digestion to determine the amount of ingested vitamin D to show their fluctuationsbefore and after ingestion in the participants of different groups.To conclude, the main aim of this study will be to investigate the effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation on body fat mass in healthy, overweight and obese Saudi women. The association between vitamin D deficiency and obesity is well established. Obesity nonoperational remains one of major health challenges. Despite of intense research, the need become of obesity still remains obscure. Both genetic and environmental factors have been reported to be associated with obesity, but none of them completely decorate the mechanism behind it. But recently, the link between vit amin D3 and obesity has gained some(prenominal) interest. Since obesity is associated with many pathological conditions including cancer and cardiovascular disease, unraveling the potent cause and mechanism of obesity will provide insights into the development of promising therapeutics for obesity and obesity related diseases. Also, in the future,ReferencesAlqurashi Khalid A, Aljabri Khalid S, BokhariSamia A. (2011) Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a Saudi community. Ann Saudi Med.311923.Ardawi MS, Sibiany AM, Bakhsh TM, Qari MH, Maimani AA. (2012) High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy Saudi Arabian men relationship to bone mineral density, parathyroid hormone, bone turnover markers, and lifestyle factors Osteoporos Int. 23(2)675-86.El Mouzan MI, Al Herbish AS, Al Salloum AA, Al Omar AA, Qurachi MM (2012) Regional variation in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi children and adolescents. Saudi J Gastroenterol, 18(2)129-32.Rock, CL, et.al.(2012). Obesity . Weight loss is associated with increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in overweight or obese women. 20(11), 2296-2301.Salehpour A, Hosseinpanah F, Shidfar F, Vafa M, Razaghi M, Dehghani S, Hoshiarrad A, Gohari M. A (2012) 12-week double-blind randomized clinical trial of vitamin D? supplementation on body fat mass in healthy overweight and obese women. Nutr J. 221178Turer, CD, Lin, H and Flores, G. (2013).Pediatrics. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among overweight and obese US children. 131(1), 152-161.Wortsman, J, et.al. (2000). American Society for Clinical Nutrition. fall bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. 72(3), 690-693.